Piano Information Links, Client List, & FAQ

How often should I have my piano tuned?

Piano manufacturers recommend tuning every six months, because that is the maximum amount of time that most pianos can hold a tuning. If a piano goes more than a year without tuning, the overall pitch starts to drop.

We recommend tuning every six months if the piano gets a lot of use, and once a year if played once in a while.

Piano Price Point has an interesting article on this subject:

Regular tunings keep the pitch at the concert standard of A-440, and they maintain tuning stability. Otherwise, the overall pitch keeps dropping lower.

A piano which has gone a very long time without tuning will require extra work, and some tuning instability should be anticipated.

Regular tunings are important because it makes sense to protect your investment.

Pianos typically go out of tune the most when heaters are turned on in the fall and off in the spring, and when there are dramatic humidity changes.

All of the pianos strings are attached to a wooden soundboard, and humidity changes make the board shrink or expand. When the board expands, it stretches the strings and makes them go sharp. When the board shrinks, the strings relax and go flat. However, each string goes flat at a different rate, causing the piano to sound out of tune.

Indoor winter humidity is around 30%, spring humidity is around 50%, and summer humidity is around 70%. These seasonal changes are why some piano instructors have their pianos tuned three times a year.

Very old pianos that have loose tuning pins are more likely to go out of tune before six months is up. This can be remedied by hammering in all the pins, or replacing them with new, wider pins.

1] A piano with action problems.

Don’t take on a piano that has repair issues with the keys you will be playing. Some repair parts for a particular piano may not be available at all. Also, the repair cost could be very high. You want a piano that has been maintained, with all the keys working properly. The only exceptions are the bottom three notes and top three notes, which you may never use. They seize up from prolonged lack of use.

2] A piano that is old and may be near the end of its useful life.

You don’t want a very old piano if you can help it, because piano actions wear out. Strings wear out too: if the bass notes sound thumpy and don’t produce a clear tone, walk away. It’s expensive to replace the bass strings, typically $500. You want as recent a vintage as you can find.

3] A piano that hasn’t been tuned in many decades.

That means the pitch has probably dropped dramatically below A-440. Bringing it back up to the standard of A-440 may break a lot of strings, and so it will need to be tuned at its current pitch. If the placement of the pitch is of importance to you, it’s a very good idea to check the pitch with a portable electronic tuner.

Every piano is unique in its sound and action touch. Try out pianos until you find one you are really happy with. If you can’t decide between two pianos, go with the newer one.

How soon after moving a piano should I have it tuned?

If the piano is moved from a similar climate, you can tune it right away. It’s best to wait three to four weeks after moving a piano from a completely different climate.

Is there anything I can do to prepare for a tuning?

All objects need to be removed so that the technician can open the piano for access to the tuning pins.

Good lighting and a quiet environment are always helpful, for tuning and playing.

In most upright pianos, the tuner will prop up the lid and remove the front board for access to the tuning pins; grand pianos will be opened and the music desk removed.

What can I do to maintain my piano?

The lowest and highest five keys don’t get played very much, so try to play those notes on a regular basis. Lack of playing makes piano actions degrade over time and is the main cause of sticking keys. Have it tuned every six months to a year, and play the entire keyboard on a regular basis to keep the action parts working smoothly.

How can I clean my piano exterior?

Use a very soft flannel or terry cloth just slightly dampened with water, followed immediately with a dry flannel or terry cloth to pick up any residual moisture. Always wipe lightly, and in straight lines following the wood grain. Never wipe with a circular motion, because circular swirl marks will appear. This phenomenon is obvious on many cars. A thin application of a high-quality carnauba wax is safe for most piano finishes. Carnauba waxes need to be lightly buffed immediately, before the wax dries, so just do a small section at a time. Try to avoid cleaning products that contain fluids, because they will penetrate to the wood and disrupt the finish over time. Don’t use old t-shirts because the weave is abrasive and will leave swirl marks.

How can I clean my piano interior?

Piano soundboard sweepers are available online.

We offer the following services:

How are pianos tuned?

Each piano string is attached to a steel pin mounted in the multiple-ply wooden pinblock. Some notes have two or three strings and each must be tuned. A piano typically has 220 to 240 strings. A tuning lever wrench is used to turn each steel pin, to adjust the pitch up or down.

Why do pianos go out of tune?

Humidity changes are the main cause of pianos going out of tune. The strings are mounted on a wooden soundboard that absorbs moisture and expands during humid weather, and shrinks during dry weather. This stretches and relaxes the strings at different rates, changing their pitches and making the piano sound out of tune. Also, the action of the hammers hitting the strings throws them out of tune.

Should I air-condition my piano room during the summer?

If possible, yes. Reducing humidity swings will help keep your piano in tune longer. It’s best to have your piano placed away from heating vents for the same reason.

How long does it take to properly tune a piano?

It can take 2-3 hours because most pianos have 220 to 240 strings and every string must be tuned individually. If a piano is extremely out of tune, more time will be required. A second tuning is sometimes required to achieve tuning stability due to ‘string memory’: piano strings slowly move back towards their original pitch.

What are False Beats?

Old piano strings degrade over time, becoming brittle with an altered tone. When you pluck a piano string, it makes sound by vibrating side-to-side. It also has waves or pulses of vibration that travel from one end of the string to the other end, and back again. These end-to-end vibrations are more noticeable in old strings, and they are called False Beats.

When two waves of false beats meet while traveling along the string, that phenomena is known as Wave Interference. It interferes with the sound of a string, and it interferes with piano tuning meters. It also makes unison strings sound different from each other within the same note.

If your piano has a poor tonal quality, that is probably the main reason. There are two types of Wave Interference: Constructive Interference, which increases the sound volume, and Destructive Interference, which causes a decrease in the sound volume or total silence.

We recently tuned a two-string note on a 1910 upright piano, and the false beats in the two strings interacted in a way that caused the perfectly tuned note to go in and out of total silence repeatedly when you played it. Amazingly, the sound waves were totally cancelling each other out.

What’s a Pitch Raise?

It’s a preliminary tuning of the entire keyboard to bring strings to their correct tension levels in a piano that is very out of tune or needs to be brought up to concert pitch. This ensures that the second, final tuning will be stable.

What is Inharmonicity, and How Does Stretch Tuning Compensate For It?

An ideal piano string would produce upper harmonics (or overtones) of the main note that are all in tune with that main note. However, real piano strings are very thick and stiff. This makes the upper harmonics sharper than theory would predict. This is called Inharmonicity.

We perceive the sharp upper harmonics as the actual pitch of the note. Therefore, a piano must be tuned to those sharp harmonics.

This would be fine, except that inharmonicity varies across the entire keyboard.

Since the shorter piano strings have a higher and higher inharmonicity as one goes up in pitch, we stretch the tuning sharp as we go up to compensate for this.

If one were to tune a piano without stretching the octaves, the harmonics of the low bass notes would clash noticeably with the harmonics of higher keys. To make the thick low bass strings sound in tune with the very high treble notes, the whole piano tuning must be stretched by making the octaves slightly wider than pure. This means that the notes above the starting pitch (F-3) will all be a slight but precise amount sharp, and the notes lower than the starting pitch will be slightly flatter. This is called a Stretched Tuning.

O.L. Railsback performed detailed experiments on stretch tuning in 1938, and published the Railsback Curve graph. See the graph at this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_acoustics#The_Railsback_curve

Top of the line electronic piano tuning devices, such as the Sanderson AccuTuner, can analyze the inharmonicity of individual piano strings to mathematically calculate an ideal stretch tuning.

The effect is to bring out a beautiful, unified voice from the instrument.

Why Are Pianos Tuned in Equal Temperament?

The term Temperament refers to the method used to tune pianos: we ‘temper’, or adjust, the interval between each note in a scale to make them sound evenly spaced.

Before Equal Temperament, pianos would be in tune in some chords or key signatures, but would be out of tune in other chords or key signatures.

Equal Temperament was developed by mathematicians in both China and Europe in the 1500′s.

The development of Equal Temperament enabled composers to vary the key within one piece of music, taking advantage of the fact that the new temperament made it possible for the piano to sound in tune in all key signatures.

Do you have a piano tuner near me?

Yes! We cover all of Connecticut, and parts of New York and Massachusetts.